Multi-Core Fiber Bragg Grating
FBGs in multicore fibers (MCFs) are a relatively new and rapidly advancing fiber optic technology. The shape sensing allows tracking an optical fiber cable position and shape in the three-dimensional space.
Fiber optic shape sensors classified as multicore fibers (MCFs) can detect multidimensional cable curvatures through strain measurements.
Based on the operating principle, the curvatures are determined in each sensor-equipped section by measuring strains in the cores. The cores provide accurate data on fiber bends and twists. As a result, fiber shapes can be reconstructed by analyzing measurement signals from the cores.
Multicore fibers offer unique features essential for certain applications, such as shape sensing, in addition to standard continuous sensing technology. Shape sensing allows tracking of an optical fiber cable position and form in the three-dimensional space.
Fiber optic shape sensors classified as multicore fibers (MCFs) can detect multidimensional cable curvatures through strain measurements.
The operating principle is that the curvatures are determined in each sensor-equipped section by measuring strains in the cores. The cores provide accurate data on fiber bends and twists. As a result, fiber shapes can be reconstructed by analyzing measurement signals from the cores.
Integrating FBGs into multicore fibers reveals advanced sensing capabilities, especially for direct shape sensing and offers significant benefits compared to conventional methods.
Unlike traditional FBGs which are effective for measuring strain and temperature, FBG writing into multicore fibers can directly capture an object shape in real-time without any complex computational models or approximations. It is crucial when visual contact is restricted, yet dynamic shape tracking is essential.
Fiber Bragg gratings written into multicore fibers are designed for seamless integration and robust performance of FBGs.
- Compact and Embeddable Design: The single-cable design ensures simple installing and embedding into various structures and materials.
- Flexible and Adaptable Structure: These fibers easily conform to diverse shapes, making them perfect for complex geometries.
- Multiplexing Capability: Multiple FBGs within a single multicore fiber allow distributed sensing throughout the entire fiber length.
- High Sensitivity and Accuracy: Accurate measurements of curvatures and twists allow for precise 2D and 3D shape reconstructions.
- Immunity to Interference: They are resistant to electromagnetic interference, harsh environment conditions, and corrosion.
- Real-Time, Continuous Monitoring: They are perfect for uninterrupted structural health monitoring and dynamic shape tracking.
- High Signal-to-Noise Ratio: Configurable high-quality FBGs provide clear and reliable signals.
- Precise FBGs Positioning: Signals are stabilized to ensure accurate and consistent measurements.
- Improved Durability: Lack of stripping or recoating maintains the integrity and reliability of the fiber.
To sum up, FBGs written into multicore fiber represent a groundbreaking approach to measuring a shape, which provides a unique combination of simple usage, high accuracy, and reliable performance in challenging scenarios where conventional methods may fail.
This type of fiber Bragg grating is utilized across various fields, but all of them share a commonality. They focus on position tracking, navigation, and curvature measurement in vital areas. Fiber optic technology delivers significant benefits in challenging disciplines, which presuppose unique needs, high requirements, and safety-critical standards that must be strictly adhered to. FBGs provide a turnkey solution tailored to individual needs whether in structural health monitoring systems or biomedical applications. They are also extensively utilized in research and development, energy, virtual reality, and other fields.
Fiber Bragg gratings for shape sensing technology have already been applied in various biomedical fields, particularly in tracking positions and navigating catheters. They have become a valuable tool in neurosurgery for tracking the positions of needles and implants. They can also be integrated into robotic instruments, particularly in orthopedic surgery.
Multicore fiber FBGs are especially used in certain instruments where space is very limited, as they provide an ideal fiber optic solution due to the smaller cross-sectional area of the shape sensor compared to that of single-core fibers. Additionally, the cores of multicore fibers are mechanically coupled and maintain the same temperature, despite being constantly spaced apart. These features altogether present multicore fibers more advantageous than single-core ones, even though they are of higher cost.
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